दिन 34: Window Functions और CTEs

import sqlite3
import pandas as pd
con = sqlite3.connect("bazaar.db")
pd.read_csv("sales_data.csv").to_sql("sales", con, if_exists="replace", index=False)
pd.read_csv("employees.csv").to_sql("employees", con, if_exists="replace", index=False)
pd.read_csv("departments.csv").to_sql("departments", con, if_exists="replace", index=False)
print([r[0] for r in con.execute("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table'")])

import sqlite3
import pandas as pd
con = sqlite3.connect("bazaar.db")
q = lambda sql: pd.read_sql(sql, con)
print(q("""
WITH orders AS (
    SELECT order_id, city, category, order_date,
           quantity * unit_price * (1 - discount) AS revenue
    FROM sales
),
city_rev AS (
    SELECT city, SUM(revenue) AS revenue FROM orders GROUP BY city
)
SELECT city, ROUND(revenue / 100000.0, 2) AS revenue_lakh
FROM city_rev
WHERE revenue > (SELECT AVG(revenue) FROM city_rev)      -- alias usable now!
ORDER BY revenue DESC
"""))

import sqlite3
import pandas as pd
con = sqlite3.connect("bazaar.db")
q = lambda sql: pd.read_sql(sql, con)
print(q("""
SELECT name, dept_id, salary,
       ROUND(AVG(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY dept_id))            AS dept_avg,
       salary - ROUND(AVG(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY dept_id))   AS vs_avg,
       ROUND(100.0 * salary / SUM(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY dept_id), 1) AS share_pct
FROM employees
WHERE dept_id IN (10, 30)
ORDER BY dept_id, salary DESC
"""))

import sqlite3
import pandas as pd
con = sqlite3.connect("bazaar.db")
q = lambda sql: pd.read_sql(sql, con)
print(q("""
WITH team(name, salary) AS (
    VALUES ('Aman', 90000), ('Riya', 90000), ('Om', 85000),
           ('Zoya', 80000), ('Kabir', 80000), ('Isha', 75000)
)
SELECT name, salary,
       ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) AS row_num,
       RANK()       OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) AS rnk,
       DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) AS dense_rnk
FROM team
"""))

import sqlite3
import pandas as pd
con = sqlite3.connect("bazaar.db")
q = lambda sql: pd.read_sql(sql, con)
print(q("""
WITH r AS (
    SELECT city, product, ROUND(SUM(quantity * unit_price * (1 - discount))) AS revenue,
           ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY city ORDER BY SUM(quantity * unit_price * (1 - discount)) DESC) AS rn
    FROM sales
    GROUP BY city, product
)
SELECT city, product, revenue FROM r WHERE rn <= 2 AND city IN ('Delhi', 'Mumbai', 'Patna', 'Jaipur')
ORDER BY city, rn
"""))

import sqlite3
import pandas as pd
con = sqlite3.connect("bazaar.db")
q = lambda sql: pd.read_sql(sql, con)
print(q("""
WITH ranked AS (
    SELECT d.dept_name, e.name, e.salary,
           DENSE_RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY e.dept_id ORDER BY e.salary DESC) AS r
    FROM employees e JOIN departments d ON e.dept_id = d.dept_id
)
SELECT dept_name, name, salary FROM ranked WHERE r = 2      -- 2nd highest per department
"""))

import sqlite3
import pandas as pd
con = sqlite3.connect("bazaar.db")
q = lambda sql: pd.read_sql(sql, con)
m = q("""
WITH monthly AS (
    SELECT strftime('%Y-%m', order_date) AS month,
           SUM(quantity * unit_price * (1 - discount)) / 100000.0 AS rev
    FROM sales GROUP BY month
)
SELECT month, ROUND(rev, 2) AS revenue_lakh,
       ROUND(SUM(rev) OVER (ORDER BY month), 2)                                   AS cumulative,
       ROUND(AVG(rev) OVER (ORDER BY month ROWS BETWEEN 2 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW), 2) AS moving_avg_3m
FROM monthly
""")
print(m.to_string(index=False))

import sqlite3
import pandas as pd
con = sqlite3.connect("bazaar.db")
q = lambda sql: pd.read_sql(sql, con)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
m = q("""
WITH monthly AS (SELECT strftime('%m', order_date) AS month, SUM(quantity * unit_price * (1 - discount)) / 100000.0 AS rev
                 FROM sales GROUP BY month)
SELECT month, rev, SUM(rev) OVER (ORDER BY month) AS cum FROM monthly
""")
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(9, 3.8))
ax.bar(m["month"], m["rev"], color="#c7d2fe", label="monthly")
ax.plot(m["month"], m["cum"], color="#4f46e5", marker="o", label="cumulative")
ax.axhline(65, color="#dc2626", ls="--", label="annual target ₹65 lakh")
cross = m.loc[m["cum"] >= 65, "month"].iloc[0]
ax.set_title(f"Annual target crossed in month {cross}"); ax.set_ylabel("₹ lakh"); ax.legend()
plt.show()

import sqlite3
import pandas as pd
con = sqlite3.connect("bazaar.db")
q = lambda sql: pd.read_sql(sql, con)
print(q("""
WITH monthly AS (
    SELECT strftime('%Y-%m', order_date) AS month,
           SUM(quantity * unit_price * (1 - discount)) AS rev
    FROM sales GROUP BY month
)
SELECT month,
       ROUND(rev / 1e5, 2)                               AS rev_lakh,
       ROUND(LAG(rev) OVER (ORDER BY month) / 1e5, 2)    AS prev_lakh,
       ROUND(100.0 * (rev - LAG(rev) OVER (ORDER BY month)) / LAG(rev) OVER (ORDER BY month), 1) AS mom_growth_pct
FROM monthly
""").to_string(index=False))

import sqlite3
import pandas as pd
con = sqlite3.connect("bazaar.db")
q = lambda sql: pd.read_sql(sql, con)
print(q("""
WITH c AS (
    SELECT city, SUM(quantity * unit_price * (1 - discount)) AS rev FROM sales GROUP BY city
)
SELECT city, ROUND(rev) AS revenue,
       NTILE(3) OVER (ORDER BY rev DESC) AS tier,
       ROUND(PERCENT_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY rev), 2) AS pct_rank
FROM c ORDER BY rev DESC
"""))