दिन 19: Mini Project: Retail Sales EDA

import pandas as pd

def load_sales(path="sales_data.csv"):
    df = pd.read_csv(path, parse_dates=["order_date"]).drop_duplicates()
    df["customer_age"] = df["customer_age"].fillna(df["customer_age"].median())
    df["revenue"] = df["quantity"] * df["unit_price"] * (1 - df["discount"])
    df["month"] = df["order_date"].dt.to_period("M")
    df["age_group"] = pd.cut(df["customer_age"], [17, 24, 34, 44, 60], labels=["18-24", "25-34", "35-44", "45+"])
    df["disc_band"] = pd.cut(df["discount"], [-0.01, 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3], labels=["None", "1-10%", "11-20%", "21-30%"])
    return df

df = load_sales()
df.to_pickle("sales_ready.pkl")                 # reuse in the next cells
print(df.shape, "| rating missing:", df["rating"].isna().sum())
print(df[["order_date", "city", "product", "revenue", "age_group", "disc_band"]].head(3))

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_pickle("sales_ready.pkl")
kpi = {"Revenue (₹ lakh)": round(df["revenue"].sum() / 1e5, 2),
       "Orders": len(df),
       "Units sold": int(df["quantity"].sum()),
       "Avg order value (₹)": round(df["revenue"].mean()),
       "Avg rating": round(df["rating"].mean(), 2),
       "Prepaid share %": round((df["payment_mode"] != "Cash on Delivery").mean() * 100, 1)}
for k, v in kpi.items():
    print(f"{k:22s} {v}")

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
df = pd.read_pickle("sales_ready.pkl")
m = df.groupby("month").agg(revenue=("revenue", "sum"), orders=("order_id", "count"))
m["revenue_lakh"] = (m["revenue"] / 1e5).round(2)
print(m[["orders", "revenue_lakh"]].to_string())
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 4))
ax.bar(m.index.strftime("%b"), m["revenue_lakh"], color=["#dc2626" if x in (10, 11) else "#818cf8" for x in m.index.month])
ax.set_title("Monthly revenue 2024 – the festive season (Oct–Nov) is the business"); ax.set_ylabel("₹ lakh")
for i, v in enumerate(m["revenue_lakh"]):
    ax.text(i, v + 0.1, f"{v:.1f}", ha="center", fontsize=8)
plt.show()

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_pickle("sales_ready.pkl")
m = df.groupby("month")["revenue"].sum()
festive = m[m.index.month.isin([10, 11])].sum()
print(f"Oct+Nov = {festive / m.sum() * 100:.1f}% of yearly revenue in {2 / 12 * 100:.0f}% of the time")
print("Best month:", m.idxmax(), "| weakest month:", m.idxmin())

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
df = pd.read_pickle("sales_ready.pkl")
city = df.groupby("city").agg(revenue=("revenue", "sum"), orders=("order_id", "count"), aov=("revenue", "mean"))
city["share_%"] = (city["revenue"] / city["revenue"].sum() * 100).round(1)
city = city.sort_values("revenue")
print(city.round(0).sort_values("revenue", ascending=False).head(5))
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(12, 4.2))
(city["revenue"] / 1e5).plot(kind="barh", ax=ax[0], color="#4f46e5"); ax[0].set_title("Revenue by city (₹ lakh)")
cat = df.groupby("category")["revenue"].sum().sort_values()
ax[1].pie(cat, labels=cat.index, autopct="%1.0f%%", startangle=90, wedgeprops=dict(width=0.45))
ax[1].set_title("Revenue share by category")
plt.tight_layout(); plt.show()

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_pickle("sales_ready.pkl")
pv = df.pivot_table(index="category", values=["revenue", "quantity"], aggfunc="sum")
pv["orders"] = df.groupby("category").size()
pv["aov"] = (pv["revenue"] / pv["orders"]).round()
pv["rev_share_%"] = (pv["revenue"] / pv["revenue"].sum() * 100).round(1)
pv["order_share_%"] = (pv["orders"] / pv["orders"].sum() * 100).round(1)
print(pv[["orders", "order_share_%", "rev_share_%", "aov"]].sort_values("rev_share_%", ascending=False))

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_pickle("sales_ready.pkl")
d = df.groupby("disc_band", observed=True).agg(orders=("order_id", "count"), avg_qty=("quantity", "mean"),
                                               aov=("revenue", "mean"), rating=("rating", "mean"))
d["discount_given_₹"] = df.groupby("disc_band", observed=True).apply(
    lambda g: (g["quantity"] * g["unit_price"] * g["discount"]).sum(), include_groups=False).round()
print(d.round(2))

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
df = pd.read_pickle("sales_ready.pkl")
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(11, 3.8))
df.groupby("age_group", observed=True)["revenue"].sum().div(1e5).plot(kind="bar", ax=ax[0], color="#0891b2", rot=0)
ax[0].set_title("Revenue by age group (₹ lakh)")
pm = pd.crosstab(df["age_group"], df["payment_mode"], normalize="index") * 100
pm.plot(kind="bar", stacked=True, ax=ax[1], rot=0, colormap="Set2")
ax[1].set_title("Payment mode by age (%)"); ax[1].legend(fontsize=7, bbox_to_anchor=(1.01, 1), loc="upper left")
plt.tight_layout(); plt.show()
print(df.groupby("customer_gender")["revenue"].agg(["count", "mean"]).round())

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_pickle("sales_ready.pkl")
r = df.dropna(subset=["rating"])
low = r.assign(low=r["rating"] <= 3).groupby("product")["low"].agg(["mean", "count"])
low = low[low["count"] >= 30].sort_values("mean", ascending=False)
low["mean"] = (low["mean"] * 100).round(1)
print(low.rename(columns={"mean": "low_rating_%", "count": "orders"}).head(5))
print("Overall low-rating %:", round((r["rating"] <= 3).mean() * 100, 1))